ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE
READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL
PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE
PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953,
08168759420
APPRAISING THE UNITED NATIONS
PEACEKEEPING
ABSTRACT
The research
provides an appraisal of UN PEACEKEEPING IN AFRICA .It investigates the
effectiveness and problems of the mission with a possible aim of proffering
recommendations. The study appraises the structural nature of Un Peacekeeping
in Africa.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The UN
Security Council authorizes peace operations by an affirmative vote of nine of
the fifteen members without a veto from the five permanent members: the United
States, China, France, Russia, the UK. The Security Council has authorized more
than fifty peace operations in the years since the Cold War.
The UN
deploys peacekeeping forces to prevent or contain fighting; stabilize
post-conflict zones; help implement peace accords; and assist democratic
transitions. To achieve those goals, the UN outlines the following
peace-building activities:
Disarmament, demobilization, and
reintegration of ex-combatants;
Landmine removal and associated activities;
Rule-of-law related activities;
Human rights protection and promotion;
Electoral assistance;
Support for the restoration of state
authority; and
Promotion of social and economic recovery
and development.
The UN
generally follows three principles for deploying peacekeepers:
Main parties to the conflict must consent;
Peacekeepers should remain impartial but
not neutral; and
Peacekeepers cannot use force except in
self-defense and defense of the mandate.
However, UN
peacekeepers are increasingly deployed to war zones when not all the main
parties have consented, such as in Mali and eastern DRC. There is also mounting
international pressure for peacekeepers to play a more robust role in
protecting civilians. Despite the principle of impartiality, UN peacekeepers
have been tasked with offensive operations against designated enemy combatants,
as in Mali and the DRC. “Contemporary mandates have often blurred the lines
separating peacekeeping, stabilization, counterinsurgency, counterterrorism,
atrocity prevention, and state-building,” George Washington University’s Paul
D. Williams writes in a new CFR report.
CHAPTER 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Determining
the effectiveness of UN mission demands investigating the structure and how are
peace operations are staffed and funded?Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan send
the most troops to UN peacekeeping missions, while the United States, Japan,
and France are the top funders. The top troop contributors to AMISOM are
Uganda, Burundi, Ethiopia, and Kenya, and funding comes largely from the UN and
the European Union. They disconnect between those nations that send troops and
those that fund missions is often a source of conflict. Wealthy nations spend
the most on peacekeeping, yet they send relatively few troops; meanwhile,
countries that either sends troops or whose citizens are directly affected by
peacekeeping missions often have less say in how they are designed and
mandated.
A 2014
internal review of peacekeeping practices related to civilian protection
exposed some of these tensions. Researchers found that peacekeepers failed to
protect civilians on several occasions. Countries that fund the annual UN peacekeeping
budget of nearly $8 billion were angered by the findings, while troop
Contributing Countries (TCCs) demanded raises to the reimbursement rates their
soldiers receive for serving in UN missions, rates which had not increased in
more than a decade. (The UN reimburses countries that contribute troops a
little more than $1,000 per soldier per month, and AMISOM troops now earn
roughly the same allowances as UN peacekeepers.)Both India and Brazil have
cited their countries’ personnel contributions to UN peacekeeping in their bids
to become permanent members of the Security Council, and several African
governments have complained about having little say in the design and mandating
of UN operations on the continent. “They would like to escape the tutelage of
the UN in future crises,” says says Richard Gowan, an expert on multilateral
security institutions at the European Council on Foreign Relations.
Leaders in
Africa and within the UN have called for African forces to play a larger role
in securing peace and stability on the continent, but budget constraints
persist. While the UN has a regular peacekeeping budget, the AU must
continually seek out donors, such as the UN, the EU, and the United States, to
fund its missions. Only 2.3 percent of the AU’s budget comes from AU member
states.“Countries with more developed military capabilities—countries from the
OECD—need to come back into peacekeeping in a way they haven’t been in recent
years” —Bruce Jones, Brookings Institution “When the AU deploys a mission, it
always needs to find external assistance,” says GWU’s Williams. As a result,
the AU cannot quickly deploy or sustain troops in the field. “The lack of
indigenous sources of finance also undermines the AU's credibility as a leading
player in peace and security issues on the continent and reduces its ability to
exercise ownership of particular initiatives,” he says.
Peace
operations in Africa are increasingly collaborations between the UN and AU. For
example, in Somalia, AMISOM member states provide troops while the UN provides
funding, training, logistics, and planning support. UNAMID, a UN-AU hybrid
mission in Darfur, absorbed and expanded a mission initially led solely by the
AU.
The research
intends to investigate UN Peacekeeping in Africa; its effectiveness and
problems
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem
confronting this research is to appraise Un Peacekeeping in Africa; its
effectiveness and problem. The research intends to investigate the nature,
operations of UN Peacekeeping in Africa
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
1 What is the nature of UN PEACEKEEPING IN
AFRICA?
2 What is the problem encountered?
3 What is the effectiveness of the mission?
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1 To appraise UN Peacekeeping in
Africa
2 To determine the effectiveness of
the mission
3 To determine the problem
encountered
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. The study shall evaluate the nature and
progress of UN Peacekeeping in
Africa
2. It shall elucidate the challenges and
determine its objectives
3. The study shall be a veritable source of information on UN
Peacekeeping in Africa
1.6 STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS
1 H0 UN Peacekeeping in Africa not significant
H1
UN Peacekeeping in Africa is significant
2 H0 The problems encountered
in UN Peacekeeping in Africa is low
H1 The problems encountered in UN Peacekeeping
in Africa is high
3 H0 The effectiveness of UN Peacekeeping in
Africa is not effective
H1 The effectiveness of UN Peacekeeping in Africa is effective.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study
shall focus on the appraisal of UN Peacekeeping in Africa. It shall determine
the problems and effectiveness of the mission.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
UN MANDATE:
The UN
Security Council authorizes peace operations by an affirmative vote of nine of
the fifteen members without a veto from the five permanent members: the United
States, China, France, Russia, the UK. The Security Council has authorized more
than fifty peace operations in the years since the Cold War.
The UN
deploys peacekeeping forces to prevent or contain fighting; stabilize
post-conflict zones; help implement peace accords; and assist democratic
transitions. To achieve those goals, the UN outlines the followingpeacebuilding
activities:
Disarmament, demobilization, and
reintegration of ex-combatants;
Landmine removal and associated activities;
Rule-of-law related activities;
Human rights protection and promotion;
Electoral assistance;
Support for the restoration of state
authority; and
Promotion of social and economic recovery
and development.
The UN
generally follows three principles for deploying peacekeepers:
Main parties to the conflict must consent;
Peacekeepers should remain impartial but
not neutral; and
Peacekeepers cannot use force except in
self-defense and defense of the mandate.
HOW
TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE,
print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy
our complete written material(s).
HOW
TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After
paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the
following information to
08068231953
or 08168759420
(1)
Your project topics
(2)
Email Address
(3)
Payment Name
(4)
Teller Number
We
will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK
ACCOUNTS
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 0046579864
Bank:
GTBank.
OR
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 2023350498
Bank:
UBA.
FOR
MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953
or 08168759420
AFFILIATE LINKS:
myeasyproject.com.ng
easyprojectmaterials.com
easyprojectmaterials.net.ng
easyprojectsmaterials.net.ng
easyprojectsmaterial.net.ng
easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
projectmaterials.com.ng
googleprojectsng.blogspot.com
myprojectsng.blogspot.com.ng
https://projectmaterialsng.blogspot.com.ng
Comments
Post a Comment